Factors Affecting the Passage of Liquids into the Rumen of the Dairy Calf. I. Method of Administering Liquids: Drinking from Open Pail versus Sucking through a Rubber Nipple

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Summary 1.The frequency of the passage of milk and water into the ruminal and reticular cavities of calves was studied by administering the liquids from open pails and through valved nipples. Observations were made by slaughtering and by inspection through rumen fistulae. 2.There were marked variations in the responses of the calves. 3.When milk was ingested from an open pail, it frequently entered the rumen in small amounts but rarely in quantities equivalent to the major portions consumed. 4.When milk was sucked through a valved nipple, it rarely entered the rumen cavity and never in significant amounts. 5.Water consumed from an open pail frequently flowed from the cardia into the rumen in amounts almost equal to the quantity consumed. 6.Water sucked through a nipple occasionally spurted into the rumen but in relatively small amounts.