Factors Affecting the Formation of Shadow Economy (Importation of Goods) in Rural Areas of Iran

Aliakbar Anabestani,Mahboubeh Namdar

doi:10.7596/taksad.v5i4.626

Aliakbar Anabestani, Mahboubeh Namdar

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v5i4.626

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Abstract

The economic situation of every village is affiliated to the function of the existing economic sectors in the village (agriculture, industry, services). This article is derived from the field study (case study) in villages in the central part of the Lamerd in the southern province of Fars, in terms of nature, is a kind of exploratory investigation and benefiting from scientific methodologies and using a questionnaire and interview, seeks to find a reasonable solution and answer why and how to expand the formation and activity and its effect on the process of development in the villages of the study. Volume of the sample, according to Cochrane, including 156 families who have been chosen by random sampling method. Results show that the main factors which caused the emergence of this kind of employment and increasing prosperity in the region, can be key factors, including the former and current migration of the inhabitants of the region, to the Persian Gulf countries and high revenues from the employment of people in those countries, appropriate spatial- regional location appropriate access roads and transit routes and the proximity to the south of the country 's booming country and commercial, including Assalouyeh Ports, Bandar Abbas and Bushehr pointed out.

Highlights

As the findings of the research suggest, most of the people involved in importation of goods are often heads of households in rural areas who have begun to migrate to the Persian Gulf states since 1971
According to data extracted from open ended and closed ended questions about the root causes of immigration, the villagers believed that “Land Reform” and its consequences, including the unemployment of large number of peasants who worked on farms of land owners, and the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the lack of new job opportunities in the hometown, were considered as the main causes of immigration
Following the unemployment of a large part of the rural population, especially in disadvantaged areas which had no suitable opportunities to absorb a part of the newly unemployed forces as result of Land Reform work force of reform developments in the land on the one hand, and increased oil prices in 1970s which generated huge profit for investment and creating new jobs in the Persian Gulf states encouraged many rural people in southern Iran who were in a relatively short distance from those countries to immigrate to those countries to find a job and earn a large income

Summary

Introduction

Economic situation in any village depends on the performance of its economic sectors in that village (agriculture, industry, services). This would be possible in light of optimal combination of manufacturing power of that area, and it is possible that a rural area has more production capabilities compared to other villages. Paying attention to production capabilities and making them efficient, create a suitable ground for economic efficiency (Namdar, 2009: 7). The illegal and secret import or export of goods into or out of a country is called smuggling. Smuggled goods are brought into a country through its border areas, and distributed throughout the country; the borders of a country are extremely important (ibid: 53). Discrimination and inequality in benefiting from revenues and job opportunities is the main issue that people living in border provinces are dealing with and has given way to poverty, emigration and smuggling (Ma’somi & Ghasemi, 2099: 9)

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