Factors affecting the effects of EDU on growth and yield of field-grown bush beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.), with varying degrees of sensitivity to ozone

Abstract

The effects of foliar applications of ethylenediurea (EDU) on responses to ozone by field-grown bush bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines ‘ S156’ (O 3-sensitive) and ‘ R123’ (O 3-tolerant), and cultivars ‘ BBL 290’ (O 3-sensitive) and ‘ BBL 274’ (O 3-tolerant) were investigated during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons. EDU was applied weekly to designated plants between primary leaf expansion and pod senescence. Results were compared with control plants at harvests made at pod maturation and pod senescence. In 2001, average hourly ambient O 3 concentrations ranged between 41 and 59 ppb for a total of 303 h; in 2002, for 355 h. EDU applications prior to pod maturation significantly increased the number of marketable pods in ‘ R123’, but not for the other cultivars. Harvests at pod senescence showed significant improvements in crop yield production in EDU-treated ‘ S156’ plants, whereas for EDU-treated ‘ R123’ plants significant reductions were determined in above-ground biomass and seed production. In contrast, results from ‘ BBL 290’ and ‘ BBL 274’ at both harvest points were inconclusive. Growth and reproductive responses of O 3-sensitive and O 3-tolerant bush bean plants to EDU applications varied, depending on developmental stages, duration of EDU applications, and fluctuations in ambient O 3.