Abstract
Abstract Survival of young is poorly understood, but important to fitness and demographics for many birds. Estimates of duckling survival and the factors influencing it are essential to guiding regional breeding management for ducks. We estimated daily and 30-day duckling survival for Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) at one of four sites each year during 1997–2000 in southern Ontario, Canada. We examined effects of site-year, brood age, female age, and hatching date on survival. Our best model supported additive effects of site-year, brood age, and hatching date. The odds of daily survival were 8.8 times (95% CI: 4.2–18.5) higher for older (>7 days) relative to younger (≤7 days) ducklings and 1.7 times (0.9–3.1) higher for early-hatched (before 1 June) relative to late-hatched (1 June or later) ducklings. When controlling for differences in hatching date, we did not find support for an influence of female age. Mean 30-day duckling survival across sites was 0.40 (range 0.07–0.50). Extremely low survival at on...
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