Factors Affecting Quality of Life of Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Indonesia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This study was to examine potential factors associated with quality of life of post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. AIM: This study needs to be done because studies about post-ACS patient populations in Indonesia are limited. METHODS: It was a quantitative research with a descriptive-analytic approach. Post-ACS patients (n = 100) were taken from a central referral hospital in West Java Province, Indonesia. The dependent data were quality of life and measured using MacNew QLMI. The independent data were depression measured using Zung SDS, severity level, and knowledge, and demography data were measured using instruments developed by researchers. Statistical analysis was carried out in stages from univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. RESULTS: Data showed that 58% patients had a good quality of life, 36% patients had CAD without significant stenosis, and 33% got mild depression. About 59% patients got underwent revascularization, 52% had difficult time to hospital, 94% had BPJS insurance, and 86% were Sundanese. Bivariate analysis (CI 95%) showed that there was a significant correlation between depression and quality of life (p = 0.000), severity level (p = 0.033), type of intervention (p = 0.011), and also access to hospital (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that depression was the most significant factor associated with QOL (OR = 4.637, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Seven factors studied, only four factors significantly related to the quality of life of post-ACS patients, they were severity, depression, last medical treatment, and travel time to the hospital. CONCLUSION: Depression was the most significant factor related to the quality of life of post-ACS patients in this study. Changes in physical, emotional, and social conditions will affect depression. The findings of this study are expected to be evidence based for hospital institutions in identifying the quality of life of post-acute coronary syndrome patients.