Factors affecting prognosis and treatment strategies in metastatic soft tissue sarcomas: twenty years of experience.

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to reveal the general clinicopathological features, treatment features, and factors that could predict overall survival in metastatic soft tissue sarcomas, a very rare and heterogeneous disease group. This study was a retrospective cohort study. Patients monitored with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma between January 2001 and January 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients aged 18 years and over, histopathologically diagnosed with metastatic STS, and unsuitable for operations, such as local curative surgery or metastasectomy, were included in the study. A total of 179 patients in the metastatic stage and monitored in our center were included in the study. The median follow-up period was 8.4 months (IQR, 3.4-14.4). 58 (32.4%) patients were de-novo metastatic, and 121 (67.6%) patients developed metastasis later. The median age was 53.2 (Range: 18.8-87.6 years), and 101 (56.4%) patients were male. The most common primary location was the lower extremity (87) (48.6%). The most common histological subtypes were synovial sarcoma (38) (21.2%), pleomorphic sarcoma (37) (20.7%), and liposarcoma (26) (14.5%). The majority were grade 3 tumors (n=131, 73.2%). Having ECOG PS 2-3 (HR=2.829, 95% CI 1,667-4.800, p<0.001), having tumor grade as 3 (HR=1.748, 95% CI 1.150-2.656, p<0.009), receiving palliative chemotherapy (HR=0.294, 95% CI 0.144-0.600, p<0.001), and receiving two or more lines of chemotherapy among those palliative receivers (HR=2.505 95% CI 1.696-3.700, p<0.001) were independent predictive factors of mortality. Survival in metastatic soft tissue sarcoma is better in patients with good ECOG performance status, low tumor grades, and who have received palliative chemotherapy. Receiving more than one line of palliative systemic treatment for progressive disease improves survival.