Abstract
For the past 20 years, field biologists have recognized Sumatran and Bornean orangutans as belonging to 2 separate subspecies. Primatologists have recently suggested that they may be full species and that the Bornean species could be divided into 3–5 subspecies. Statistical analyses of factors affecting the mortality, fertility, and well-being of captive orangutans have revealed some important differences between Bornean, Sumatran, and hybrid orangutans that could support the suggestion. Hybrid orangutans appeared to be genetically weaker, with much lower survival rates than pure subspecific individuals. The weakness also may have contributed to their higher rate of infant rejection. In addition, infertility was 3 times higher in Bornean orangutans than in Sumatran and hybrid orangutans.
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