Abstract
In this study, fibre pressed oil palm frond (FPOPF) was introduced as the raw material for the production of glucose using Sacchariseb C6 to maximise the utilisation of oil palm waste. Sacchariseb C6 is a commercial cellulase blended enzyme from Advanced Enzymes Technology. In order to achieve maximum glucose production, a factorial analysis 25–1 using response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to screen the best enzymatic hydrolysis condition by varying the parameters such as agitation speed, enzyme loading, glucan loading, temperature and hydrolysis time. FPOPF was treated with 4.42% (w/v) of sodium hydroxide at 100°C prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis. Raw FPOPF consists of 40.7% glucan, 26.1% xylan, 26.2% lignin, 1.8% ash and 4.5% extractives. On the other hand, pretreated FPOPF consists of 61.4% glucan, 20.4% xylan, 13.3% lignin, 1.3% ash and 0.3% extractives. From this study, it was found that the best enzymatic hydrolysis condition yielded 33.01 ± 0.73 g/L of glucose when performed at 200 rpm of agitation speed, 60 FPU/mL of enzyme loading, 4% (w/w) of glucan loading, temperature at 55°C and 72 h of reaction time. The model obtained from RSM was significant with p-value <0.0001. It is suggested that this model had a maximum point which is likely to be the optimum point and possible for the optimisation process.
Highlights
Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is one of the most abundant renewable biomasses comprising of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.[1,2] Commonly, most of the agricultural LCB consists of about 10%–25% lignin, 20%–30% hemicellulose, and 40%–50% cellulose.[3]
Whereas, pretreated fibre pressed oil palm frond (FPOPF) refers to the biomass that undergoes alkaline pretreatment
Pretreated FPOPF shown 81.8% of total carbohydrates comprise of 61.4% glucan and 20.4% xylan
Summary
Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is one of the most abundant renewable biomasses comprising of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.[1,2] Commonly, most of the agricultural LCB consists of about 10%–25% lignin, 20%–30% hemicellulose, and 40%–50% cellulose.[3]. Fibre pressed oil palm frond (FPOPF) was introduced as a raw material where the hemicellulose and cellulose were converted into simple sugars. In order to improve the accessibility of cellulase enzyme on FPOPF, the structure of the lignocellulose must be broken down, i.e., by alkaline pretreatment. The alteration of the lignin structure in biomass is achieved by degrading ester and glycosidic side chains of the biomass using alkaline solvent, leading to swelling as well as de-crystallisation of cellulose.[7,8] Sacchariseb C6 which is a blended cellulase enzyme was used in enzymatic hydrolysis for the production of glucose by breaking down of cellulose molecule into simple sugar
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