Factors affecting environmental pollution for green economy: The case of ASEAN countries

Abstract

Although environmental pollution affects the earth's atmosphere and increases the seawater level, these issues get little attention from policymakers and scientists. This academic paper explores the multifaceted factors contributing to environmental pollution in the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Environmental pollution is a growing concern globally, and ASEAN, a region undergoing rapid economic development, faces unique challenges in mitigating its impact. Therefore, there needs to be more research in analyzing the factors that affect environmental pollution. This paper aims to test the determinants affecting ecological pollution for the green and sustainable economy in the ASEAN countries. This paper used the data from Word Bank for the period 2000–2020 in 09 ASEAN countries such as Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Brunei and Singapore. The paper uses the unrestricted fixed and random panel data method. The STATA software 17.0 is used in the research and processes the regression model. The article reviews existing literature, statistical data, and case studies to identify and analyze key factors influencing environmental pollution in ASEAN countries. The new contribution of this research is that ASEAN countries are paying more attention to importing green products to develop a green and sustainable economy. The study considers various dimensions: industrialization, urbanization, agricultural practices, policy effectiveness, and socioeconomic factors. By understanding these factors, policymakers and stakeholders can develop targeted strategies to address and mitigate the environmental pollution crisis in the ASEAN region.