Factors Affecting Cardiovascular Risk in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.

Ingrida Stankute,Evalda Danyte,Rasa Verkauskiene,Rimante Dobrovolskiene,Edita Jasinskiene,Valerie M Schwitzgebel,Giedre Mockeviciene,Dalia Marciulionyte,Dovile Razanskaite-Virbickiene

doi:10.1155/2019/9134280

Abstract

Cardiovascular risk and obesity are becoming major health issues among individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and obesity in youth with T1D in Lithuania. Methods. 883 patients under 25 years of age with T1D for at least 6 months were investigated. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and microvascular complications were evaluated, and the lipid profile and HbA1c were determined for all patients. Results. Study subjects' mean HbA1c was 8.5 ± 2%; 19.5% were overweight and 3.6% obese. Hypertension and dyslipidemia were diagnosed in 29.8% and 62.6% of participants, respectively. HbA1c concentration was directly related to levels of total cholesterol (r = 0.274, p < 0.001), LDL (r = 0.271, p < 0.001), and triglycerides (r = 0.407, p < 0.001) and inversely associated with levels of HDL (r = 0.117, p = 0.001). Prevalence of dyslipidemia increased with duration of diabetes (p < 0.05). Hypertension was more prevalent in overweight and obese compared to normal-weight patients (40.6 and 65.6 vs. 25.6%, respectively, p < 0.001). Frequency of microvascular complications was higher among patients with dyslipidemia (27.2 vs. 18.8%, p = 0.005) and among those with hypertension (25.9 vs. 23.2%, p < 0.001). Conclusion. The frequency of cardiovascular risk factors is high in youth with T1D and associated with diabetes duration, obesity, and metabolic control.

Highlights

The main cause of death in European countries is cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1]
We present population-based study results for metabolic control, obesity, and hypertension in young people under the age of 25 with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated by intensive insulin therapy, whose diabetes duration was more than 6 months
The principal finding of our study is an unusually high frequency of dyslipidemia among pediatric and young adult patients with T1D compared to previously published data from other studies reporting dyslipidemia in 3.8% to 30.3% of subjects with T1D [7, 20]

Summary

Introduction

The main cause of death in European countries is cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1]. Several studies showed that atherosclerosis presents more frequently in people with diabetes. This is usually explained by persistently elevated glucose levels in the blood [2, 3]. CVD tend to present at a younger age in patients with diabetes than in the general population [4]. The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study showed that significant complications severely affect the quality of life of diabetics early in their life [5]. Adolescence and young adulthood are the best times for actions to lower cardiovascular risk [6]

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Methods

Conclusion