Abstract
Japanese women in their 40s or older have been encouraged to attend breast cancer screening. However, the breast cancer screening rate in Japan is not as high as in Europe and the United States. The aim of this study was to identify psychological and personal characteristics of women concerning their participation in breast cancer screening using the Health Belief Model (HBM). In addition, the attributes of screening more easily accepted by participants were analyzed by conjoint analysis. In this cross sectional study of 3,200 age 20-69 women, data were collected by an anonymous questionnaire. Questions were based on HBM and personal characteristics, and included attitudes on hypothetical screening attributes. Data of women aged 40-69 were analyzed by logistic regression and conjoint analysis to clarify the factors affecting their participation in breast cancer screening. Among responses collected from 1,280 women of age 20-69, the replies of 993 women of age 40-69 were used in the analysis. Regarding the psychological characteristics based on HBM, the odds ratios were significantly higher in "importance of cancer screening" (95%CI: 1.21-2.47) and "benefits of cancer screening" (95%CI: 1.09-2.49), whereas the odds ratio was significantly lower in "barriers to participation before cancer screening" (95%CI: 0.27-0.51). Conjoint analysis revealed that the respondents, overall, preferred screening to be low cost and by female staff members. Furthermore, it was also clarified that attributes of screening dominant in decision-making were influenced by the employment status and the type of medical insurance of the women. In order to increase participation in breast cancer screening, it is necessary to disseminate accurate knowledge on cancer screening and to reduce barriers to participation. In addition, the attributes of screening more easily accepted were inexpensive, provided by female staff, executed in a hospital and finished in a short time.
Highlights
In Japan, the annual numbers of new cancer cases and cancer deaths in women are approximately 340,000 and 144,000 (Matsuda et al, 2013; Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan, 2013: http://ganjoho.jp/professional/ statistics/statistics.html), respectively, with breast cancer being among the most common types (Curado et al, 2007; Saika and Sobue, 2009)
In order to increase participation in breast cancer screening, the aim of this study is to identify psychological and personal characteristics of women concerning their participation in breast cancer screening by the Health Belief Model (HBM)
Psychological characteristics based on the HBM: regarding psychological characteristics based on the HBM, the survey items were examined based on the preceding studies on cancer screening behaviors (Yarbrough and Braden, 2001; Gozum and Aydin, 2004; Medina-Shepherd and Kleier, 2010; Guvenc et al, 2011; Seki et al, 2011)
Summary
In Japan, the annual numbers of new cancer cases and cancer deaths in women are approximately 340,000 and 144,000 (Matsuda et al, 2013; Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan, 2013: http://ganjoho.jp/professional/ statistics/statistics.html), respectively, with breast cancer being among the most common types (Curado et al, 2007; Saika and Sobue, 2009). The Basic Plan to Promote Cancer Control Programs, developed in 2007, stated the aim of improving the cancer screening rate to 50% or more within 5 years The breast cancer screening rate in Japan is still 31.4% (Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan, 2010: http://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/ houdou/2r9852000001igt0.html), which is no so high as the rates in Europe and the United States (Saika and Sobue, 2011; Suzuki et al, 2012). The aim of this study was to identify psychological and personal characteristics of women concerning their participation in breast cancer screening using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Data of women aged 40-69 were analyzed by logistic regression and conjoint analysis to clarify the factors affecting their participation in breast cancer screening. The attributes of screening more accepted were inexpensive, provided by female staff, executed in a hospital and finished in a short time
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