Factors affecting bone mineral density in men

Abstract

In this study, in 131 men aged 20-75 years, we investigated correlations between bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine and femoral neck and endogenous factors (age, body mass index) as well as exogenous factors (calcium intake, physical activity, smoking, caffeine, socioeconomic and educational levels). The age had a negative effect on femoral neck BMD in patients overall, and on both lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in patients under 50. Physical activity has effects on femoral neck BMD in men above 50. Lumbar vertebral BMD negatively correlated with smoking in patients overall, and this correlation persisted when patients aged 50 and older were analyzed separately. Femoral neck BMD was positively correlated with body mass index in men aged 50 and older. Given the variety of findings in the research literature regarding risk factors for low BMD, we suggest that genetic and geographic factors should be considered.