Abstract
The regeneration of adventitious shoots on leaf segments taken from in vitro shoots of the apple rootstock 'Jork 9' was examined. Among the macroelements and organics tested (MS, LS or N?), MS was the most effective. The best combination of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and benzyladenine (BA) was 2.7 pM and 17.8 pM, respectively, resulting in 70% expiants with adventitious shoots. The combination of 2.7 pM naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.1 pM thidiazuron (TDZ) also resulted in a high percentage of regeneration but almost all shoots were hyperhydric. Only the expiants with the adaxial surface in contact with the medium showed regeneration. Basal expiants within a leaf had a higher percentage regeneration than distal expiants. Cell divisions, localized near the vascular bundles, were observed after three days of culture. The first vegetative buds regenerated directly from leaf tissue, whereas buds that appeared later on regenerated from callus.
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