Factors acting on the floristic variability of the arboreal stratum: a review for the atlantic forest biodiversity hotspot

Abstract

This study highlights the main factors influencing the distribution and composition of tree species in the Atlantic Forest. It aims to understand the influence of climatic factors in shaping composition patterns, as well as the influence of soil, topography and other environmental factors on the structure and dynamics of this biodiversity hotspot. The results of this systematic review revealed the important contribution of climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature to floristic differentiation in different regions of the Atlantic Rainforest. Edaphic and topographic factors, such as soil pH, soil water stress and altitude, also made important contributions to the distribution of tree species, both locally and on larger scales. Another component identified in the research was the complex interaction of environmental and spatial factors in composition patterns. This is a very recurrent component in the Atlantic Forest, due to latitudinal and longitudinal gradients, where specific ecological conditions create different niches for species. Despite advances, much of the variation in tree species composition remains unexplained, suggesting the existence of unknown factors or limitations in current analytical methods. Thus, this study highlights the need to further explore knowledge about the impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities on Atlantic Forest fragments. In addition, it suggests identifying new determinants and understanding the intrinsic interactions between vegetation and biotic predictors to aid effective management and conservation strategies for this unique and threatened ecosystem.