Abstract
Positive (PA) and negative affect (NA) are related with aspects that are part of people’s psychological well-being, and the possibility of combining both dimensions to create four affective profiles, self-fulfilling (high PA and low NA), low affective (low PA and low NA), high affective (high PA and high NA) and self-destructive (low PA and high NA), has recently appeared. The current work aims to validate the short version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) in Ecuador, test the existence of the four affective profiles and analyze its relation with social anxiety. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children and the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents was employed in a sample of 1786 Ecuadorian students aged from 15 to 18 years (M = 16.31, SD = 1.01). The factorial invariance of the scale across sex and age groups was proved and latent mean analyses showed that girls and 18-year-old students obtained the highest scores in negative affect. With regard to the affective profiles, the cluster analyses confirmed the existence of the four mentioned profiles, and the self-fulfilling profile obtained the lowest scores in all the dimensions of social anxiety, whereas the self-destructive profile obtained the highest scores.
Highlights
Since the emergence of the tripartite model of emotions (TME) [1], people’s affective state dimensions have been used in the scientific literature as an important indicator associated to both anxiety and depression that can be used to distinguish both variables [2]
Positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA) and physiological hyperarousal (PH) are considered to be higher-order factors, whose associations with depression and anxiety can help to differentiate them, NA being commonly linked to both depression and anxiety, whereas low positive affect (PA) levels are exclusively related to depression and high PH levels associated to anxiety [1]
The first aim of the current investigation was to validate the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)-C-SF in a Spanish-speaking adolescent sample
Summary
Since the emergence of the tripartite model of emotions (TME) [1], people’s affective state dimensions have been used in the scientific literature as an important indicator associated to both anxiety and depression that can be used to distinguish both variables [2]. Due to the lack of consensus regarding adult samples, investigations have been performed in child and young populations In this sense, it has been studied in a sample of 175 American children from nine to 14 years old that NA positively and significantly correlated with social anxiety [23], in line with the identified relation by Watson et al [16]. Due to the active role of the child when participating in an environment that could be linked to future anxiety syndromes [26] and the lack of scientific consensus in the relation between affective dimensions and social anxiety, more investigations in young samples are needed to deepen and broaden the scientific knowledge of the topic [27] In this line, a study in a Spanish-speaking adolescent sample could provide valuable information to the current area of study. Analyzing the relation between the affective profiles and the scores of social anxiety
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