Factores pronósticos para pérdida de extremidad con trauma arterial periférico en un hospital de Colombia

Abstract

Introduction : Vascular trauma is a low frequency event, with high morbidity and mortality that affects the young population; In general, it requires surgical management. It is associated with complications from surgical reintervention to amputation of the limb, influenced by trauma associated variables such as hospital care. Aim : Determine risk factors related to amputation, in patients with peripheral arterial trauma (TAP), treated at a Hospital of III level Huila-Colombia between 2014-2017. Materials and Method: Observational, retrospective analytical study with patients older than 13 years with TAP. Results: We included 79 patients with an incidence of 1.56%. 89% men, average age 28.5 years. The main comorbidity was 8.8% drug dependence. The MESS (Mangled extremity severity) average was of 5.27 points and a critical time of limb ischemia > to 6 hours in 38%. The greater commitment was of superior members, secondary to injuries by sharp weapon. The predominant lesion was arterial transection. The main postoperative complications were vessel thrombosis (21.5%) and amputation in 13.9%. Risk factors associated with amputation were determined by age > 20 years, hospital stay > 7 days, MESS > 7 points, and that they presented arterial thrombosis as a surgical complication and finally required surgical reoperation. Conclusions: Peripheral arterial trauma is a pathology with great socioeconomic impact and functional sequelae. It is necessary the timely attention with treatment of the variables related to poor prognosis, in order to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates.