Factores asociados con la situación laboral de pacientes con esclerosis múltiple

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating neurological disease that usually gives rise to motor, perceptive, affective and cognitive disorders in patients. These symptoms can lead the person to lose his or her job and lower the quality of life of both patients and their relatives. To review the literature on demographic, clinical, cognitive, psychiatric, occupational and social variables associated with the work situation. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have detected variables related with unemployment. Empirical research has shown how physical disability, fatigue and the progression of the disease exert a clear influence on the patient's work situation. Yet, the same degree of evidence is not true for gender, depression, age, duration of the disease and cognitive variables. Little attention has been given to work characteristics such as job discrimination, employer's attitude, labour laws, colleagues' attitudes and transport problems. Many of the factors that determine job loss in a patient with multiple sclerosis can be identified in time to allow them to be modified or offset. The knowledge provided by the studies mentioned above makes it possible to detect patients who are at risk of losing their job so that interventions can be carried out with the aim of preventing such a situation from occurring. More particularly, the vulnerability profile includes high physical disability and fatigue, progressive development of the disease and the presence of cognitive impairment, among others.