Facilitative Leadership in Controlling Pollution and Damage to The Citarum Watershed as well as improving The Community Economy in Karawang, Indonesia

Abstract

A Watershed (DAS) functions as a storage facility for rain collection and drainage, which often lead to the formation of rivers (Efendi, 2014). Furthermore, it is a unified landscape providing people with physical products and services. In Karawang, the pollution and damage to the Citarum watershed are found to harm the community and endanger the sustainability of the marine ecosystem, as observed to be one of the dirtiest rivers in the world. In this condition, leadership plays an important role in implementing collaboration, because of its central duty in the implementation, development, facilitation, and assessment of ground rules, trust, dialogue, and mutual benefits. According to Ansell & Gash (2007), a comprehensive collaborative leadership need to perform the following, (1) broadly and actively promote participation, (2) ensure broad influence and control, and (3) facilitate group or actor productivity. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the role of facilitative leadership in controlling pollution within Karawang, Indonesia. It also aims to assess the damage to the Citarum watershed and to improve the economy of this district A qualitative approach was used to understand, explore, and explain facilitative leadership, to control pollution and damage to the Citarum river. In this condition, primary data was directly obtained from the main source, namely the parties or the study object, through observation and interviews. The secondary data was also obtained from the second sources as complements, including related literature books, newspapers, papers, and official documents. The results showed that government needs to be a facilitative leader in controlling pollution and damage to the Citarum watershed, due to being one of the conditions in resolving the cases of environmental pollution.