Facilitation of mRNA Deadenylation and Decay by the Exosome-Bound, DExH Protein RHAU

Abstract

The AU-rich element (ARE) in the 3′ untranslated region of unstable mRNAs mediate their rapid degradation. ARE binding proteins (AUBPs) have been described that either stabilize or otherwise degrade ARE-mRNAs by recruiting the exosome, a complex of 3′-to-5′ exoribonucleases. We have identified RHAU, a putative DExH RNA helicase that was isolated in association with the ARE of urokinase plasminogen activator mRNA (ARE uPA). RHAU physically interacts with the deadenylase PARN and the human exosome and enhances the deadenylation and decay of ARE uPA-mRNAs. An alternatively spliced isoform of RHAU that localized to the cytoplasm had a more pronounced effect on ARE uPA-mRNA destabilization than full-length RHAU. Furthermore, the ATPase activity of RHAU is essential for its mRNA-destabilizing function. ARE uPA-mRNA recognition by RHAU may be mediated through its RNA-dependent interaction with the AUBPs HuR and NFAR1. A model is presented to describe the action of RHAU in ARE uPA-directed mRNA turnover.