Facilitating pneumococcal vaccination among high-risk adults: Impact of an assertive communication training program for community pharmacists

Abstract

BackgroundCommunity pharmacies are vital access points to provide a range of vaccines to adults, including pneumococcal vaccines; however, despite a growth in the number of vaccines given at these sites, the most recent rates of adults being immunized against pneumococcal disease remain below the goals set by Health People 2020. Low patient awareness is a leading reason for suboptimal vaccination rates, suggesting that a need exists to improve provider communication in recommending pneumococcal vaccination in high-risk adults. ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of a communication training program to improve pharmacist promotion of the pneumococcal vaccine among high-risk adults in Tennessee. MethodsA multiphase training program was initiated in partnership with 2 regions of a nationwide community pharmacy chain (n = 100) focusing on improving evidence-based, presumptive recommendations related to pneumococcal vaccination. All locations were randomized to one of 3 arms on the basis of training intensity: (1) no training; (2) online training only; and (3) online and in-person simulation training. The program focused on improving evidence-based, pharmacist vaccine recommendations using health behavior theories, sales techniques, and improvisation provided through online and in-person simulation training. Changes in vaccinations (compared with the same 6-month period in the previous year) and provider self-efficacy were evaluated by Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square tests, and general linear models. ResultsCompleting the full training program led to nominal changes in pharmacist self-efficacy across the 6 items measured (P > 0.05). Overall counts of all pneumococcal vaccines were lower (−11.3%) across all stores in the period after training; however, a small increase (2.1%) was observed in the stores that underwent the full training, versus changes of −22.0% (P = 0.084) and −9.4% (P = 0.199) in control and online-only training comparisons, respectively. ConclusionsPharmacists’ vaccine-related self-efficacy may be improved through an evidence-based communication training program, but a more holistic focus on all recommended adult vaccines may be necessary to realize meaningful improvements.