Abstract
The inefficiency of conventional water treatment technologies for the treatment of antibiotics has become a global concern. Herein, a promising photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) system enhanced by PMS was developed to treat antibiotics in drinking water in which a modified molybdenum disulfide embedded carbon cloth photoanode (namely 1T/2H-MoS2@C/CC, 1T and 2H for hexagonal and trigonal structures) served as a photoanode. The 1T/2H-MoS2@C/CC photoanode exhibited enhanced PEC performance due to the construction of the 1T rich structure. Under the synergetic effect of PEC and PMS, 2 ppm norfloxacin was completely removed in 30 min by the 1T/2H-MoS2@C/CC photoanode at a 1.5 V applied potential with 40 ppm PMS addition. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that 1O2, HO, SO4− and O2− contributed to norfloxacin degradation, and the PMS activation pathways for the generation of these reactive species were also revealed. The intermediates of NOR degradation by the PEC/PMS system were analyzed, suggesting that the CN bond, piperazine ring, and fluoride group on NOR molecular framework were attacked. The resistance of the PEC/PMS system to different water matrices and good reusability (87.6% at the fifth cycle) and stability (0.05 mg/L Mo4+ leaching) of the 1T/2H-MoS2@C/CC photoanode ensured the excellent practical potential of the developed PEC/PMS system. Overall, the PEC/PMS system with 1T/2H-MoS2@C/CC as the photoanode is proven to be feasible for practical antibiotics removal from drinking water.
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