Abstract
In recent times, tremendous efforts have been devoted to the efficient and cost-effective advancements of electrochemically active metal oxide nanomaterials. Here, we have synthesized a facile nanomaterial of ZnO@PdO/Pd by employing extracted fuel from E. cognata leaves following a hydrothermal route. The phyto-fueled ZnO@PdO/Pd nanomaterial was fabricated into a supercapacitor electrode and was scrutinized by galvanostatic charge–discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry to evaluate its energy storage potential, and transport of electrons and conductivity. Substantial specific capacitance i.e., 178 F g−1 was obtained in the current study in aKOH electrolyte solution. A specific energy density of 3.7 W h Kg−1 was measured using the charge–discharge data. A high power density of 3718 W Kg−1 was observed for the ZnO@PdO/Pd electrode. Furthermore, the observed low internal resistance of 0.4 Ω suggested effective electron- and ion diffusion. Thus, the superb electrochemical behavior of the ZnO@PdO/Pd nanocomposite was exposed, as verified by the significant redox behavior shown by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge.
Highlights
A facile nanomaterial has been synthesized for investigating its electrochemical behaviour
phyto fuel (PF)-assisted ZnO@PdO/Pd was examined by FTIR spectroscopy and GC-MS for obtaining the presence of phyto-stabilizing agents (PSAs)
We have successfully synthesized the facile ZnO@PdO/Pd nanomaterial demonstrating its pretrial utility for energy storage
Summary
The current era of advancement in technology has greatly increased the demand of electrochemical advanced nanomaterials, such as supercapacitors, batteries, and fuel cells.[1,2,3,4,5,6] The performance of these devices critically depends on the ow of electrons or conductivity of the electrode material.[6,9,15,16,17,18] numerous electrode materials have been intensively investigated among the scienti c community to enhance the performance of electrodes.[7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18] It is believed that a straightforward approach to develop an efficient electrode is the functionalization of nanomaterials.[19,20] Nano-sized materials contain more active sites, which enhance the electronic and ionic conductivity of an electrode.Numerous studies have been carried out on diverse nanomaterials with higher electro-activity to adapt the efficiency of supercapacitors.[15,16,17,18] The carbon-based nanomaterials are being investigated for electrical double layer capacitors as these capacitors materials have a higher pore size and surface area. The category of nanomaterials is transition metal oxide nanomaterials used in the fabrication of pseudocapacitors, which present outstanding speci c capacitance and energy density.[17,18] An electrical double layer capacitor shows charge storage by reversible ion adsorption at the surface of the electrode and electrolyte interfaces, while charge storage shown by pseudocapacitors is via Faradaic-redox reactions occurring at the electrode surface Pseudocapacitors due to their fast reactions exhibit higher energy density and higher speci c capacitance compared to EDLCs. In pseudocapacitors, electrons are passed on the valence band of the anode species or a redox cathode. Pseudocapacitors rest on the nature and the structure of the electrode material.[18,19,20]
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