Abstract
Based on hydrogen bonding, the highly uniform polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes were synthesized by self-assembly method using citric acid (CA) as the dopant and the structure-directing agent by optimizing the molar ratio of CA to aniline monomer (Ani). Synthesis conditions like reaction temperature and mechanical stirring were considered to explore the effects of hydrogen bonding on the morphologies. The effects of CA on the final morphology of the products were also investigated. The as-synthesized CA doped polyaniline (PANI) nanomaterials were further deposited on the plate electrodes for the test of gas sensing performance to ammonia (NH3). The sensitivity to various concentrations of NH3, the repeatability, and the stability of the sensors were also tested and analyzed. As a result, it was found that the PANI nanomaterial synthesized at the CA/Ani molar ratio of 0.5 has highly uniform tubular morphology and shows the best sensing performance to NH3. It makes the PANI nanotubes a promising material for high performance gas sensing to NH3.
Highlights
Nowadays, environmental problems become more and more serious with the development of the society
SnO2, WO3, ZnO2, and Fe2 O3 [3,4,5]. These metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors processed remarkably high sensitivity and a large detection range to a variety of gases and were expected to be employed in domestic, industries and military applications [6]
MOS gas sensors generally only work at high temperature, and results in high energy consumption and restriction in some special areas, for example, places with inflammable or explosive gases
Summary
Environmental problems become more and more serious with the development of the society. Among all of the detection methods, semiconductor gas sensors, which use the semiconductor materials as the sensitive materials, have attracted much attention because of its high sensitivity, fast response time, small physical size, simple fabrication, and low cost [1,2]. SnO2 , WO3 , ZnO2 , and Fe2 O3 [3,4,5] These MOS gas sensors processed remarkably high sensitivity and a large detection range to a variety of gases and were expected to be employed in domestic, industries and military applications [6]. MOS gas sensors generally only work at high temperature, and results in high energy consumption and restriction in some special areas, for example, places with inflammable or explosive gases. It is quite urgent to explore room temperature sensing materials for the special working environment and with low energy consumption [7]
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