Facile synthesis of NaTi2(PO4)3-carbon composite through solid state method and its application in aqueous sodium ion battery

Abstract

NASICON-structured NaTi2(PO4)3 is regarded as the most suitable anode for aqueous sodium ion batteries, however, the low electronic conductivity intrinsically restricts its application. NaTi2(PO4)3-carbon composite is prepared by a facile solid state sintering method and studied as the anode in aqueous sodium ion battery, coupling with activated carbon as the cathode. This neutral sodium ion battery shows a high output voltage of 1.17 V, with outstanding rate and cycling stability. The full cell delivers an energy density of 33.4 Wh∙kg−1 at a power density of 33.4 W∙kg−1 based on the total active mass of the anode and cathode materials.