Abstract
The present study aims at investigating sonochemically synthesized MIL-53(Al) and its applications in adsorption lead ions from aqueous solution. XRD, FESEM, BET, and FTIR analyses were employed to identify and characterize MIL-53(Al). The ultrasonic-assisted synthesis procedure results in reducing the synthesis time to 24 h; however, the conventional synthesis of MIL-53(Al) takes 3 days. Applying ultrasonic waves also leads to increase of the specific surface area up to 50% more than that of synthesized by the conventional method, as well as creating the hierarchical MIL-53(Al) structure which reduces the mass transfer limitation of ions into internal micropores. The optimum conditions for removing lead ions are pH of 6, Pb+2 ion concentration of 20 mg/L, contact time of 60 min, adsorbent dose of 0.04 g, and temperature of 318 K with the removal efficiency of 97.63%. The experimental adsorption equilibrium and kinetic data fit the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. Moreover, the usage of sonochemically synthesized MIL-53(Al), for the first time as an adsorbent in heavy metal removal points to the great potential of this new environmentally-friendly adsorbent in removing lead ions from aqueous solutions
Highlights
Due to the fast development of trade and expansion of urbanization over the last few decades, pollution of surface and groundwater with heavy metals and their adverse effects on the health of living organisms as well as the consequent problems, have received considerable attention[1]
MIL-53 is a group of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) produced by the Lavoisier Institute, which is a white powder with the chemical formula of [Al (OH) [(O2C)–C6H4–(CO2)]
When the solution reached equilibrium, two solid and liquid phases were divided through filtration and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) was employed to determine the remaining concentration of the Pb+2 ions in the solution
Summary
Due to the fast development of trade and expansion of urbanization over the last few decades, pollution of surface and groundwater with heavy metals and their adverse effects on the health of living organisms as well as the consequent problems, have received considerable attention[1]. Different adsorbents have been developed to remove dissolved materials from the solution using ion adsorption mechanisms. MIL-53(Al) is synthesized through an environmentally-friendly method using ultrasonic waves and applied for the first time as an adsorbent in heavy metal removal. It is characterized using XRD, FESEM, BET, and FTIR analyses. The usage of ultrasound as a driving force lowers the reaction time and temperature which leads to decreasing the synthesis energy consumption dramatically It enhances the adsorbent’s properties such as surface area, which can boost the adsorbent features in removing lead ions from aqueous solutions. Ultrasound waves create the hierarchical structure which reduces the mass transfer limitation of ions into internal microspores
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