Facile synthesis of hierarchical Fe–S co-doped carbon-based composites with superior microwave absorption

Abstract

Difficulty of multi-component coupling and hierarchical pore structure preparation make it challenging to manufacture highly efficient microwave absorption materials (MAMs). Herein, hierarchical porous carbon composites anchored with various types of iron sulfides are successfully fabricated using a simply feasible heating-induced self-assembly approach. Controllable electromagnetic parameters and impedance matching features of FexSy/AC (amorphous carbon) composites are obtained by varying carbonization temperature. Besides, AC and FexSy provide dielectric and magnetic losses, while defect-rich AC can effectively disperse FexSy nanoparticles, exhibiting high sintering resistance and high-density interfaces, which contributes to polarization losses. Moreover, the unique hierarchical porous structure not only offers better impedance matching, but also enhances microwave loss. The thorough investigation indicates that FexSy/AC nanocomposites exhibit outstanding microwave absorption performance by the joint effect of unique hierarchical porous structure and coupling loss of multi-components. The optimal sample (FSC-700) shows a strongest reflection loss value of up to −78.96 dB with a matching thickness of 2.85 mm, an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL<−10 dB) of 6.98 GHz (11.02–18.0 GHz, spanning Ku-band), and a radar cross section (RCS) reduction value of 21.75 dBm2. In addition, the EAB can reach 13.8 GHz with the simulated thickness varies from 1.0 to 5.5 mm, covering 86 % of the measured frequency range. The in-depth research of the multi-component system with hierarchical porous structure offers an innovative and practical method for high-performance MAMs.