Abstract
Hierarchical carbon nanofibre (CNF)/SnO2/Ni nanostructures of graphitized carbon nanofibres and SnO2 nanocrystallines and Ni nanocrystallines have been prepared via divalent tin–alginate assembly on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres, controlled pyrolysis and ball milling. Fabrication is implemented in three steps: (1) formation of a tin–alginate layer on PAN fibres by coating sodium alginate on PAN in a water medium followed by polycondensation in SnCl2 solution; (2) heat treatment at 450°C in a nitrogen atmosphere; (3) ball milling the mixture of CNF/SnO2 fibres and Ni powder. The CNF/SnO2/Ni nanocomposite exhibits good lithium ion storage capacity and cyclability, providing a facile and low-cost approach for the large-scale preparation of anode materials for lithium ion batteries.
Highlights
Research into rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs) has played a vital role in sustainable energy storage devices to meet the higher expectation of electric vehicles and portable products [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The carbon nanofibre (CNF)/SnO2/Ni nanostructure was obtained by ball milling the mixture of CNF/SnO2 and nickel (Ni) powder with different weight ratio in air for 15 h at room temperature
The CNF/SnO2/Ni nanostructures can be obtained by ball milling the mixture of CNF/SnO2 and Ni powder with different weight ratios in an air atmosphere for 15 h at room temperature
Summary
Research into rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs) has played a vital role in sustainable energy storage devices to meet the higher expectation of electric vehicles and portable products [1,2,3,4,5,6]. There is a requirement to develop large-scale commercial anode materials with high capacity and low fabrication cost. The carbon nanofibre/SnO2 (CNF/SnO2) nanocomposites show specially improved performance as LIB anode materials, they were generally fabricated via small-scale production with high cost [14,32,33]. It is highly desirable to prepare the carbon nanofibre/tin oxide/nickel (CNF/SnO2/Ni) nanocomposite with hierarchical nanostructure and long-term cycling stability via facile and scalable methods. We report a facile and low-cost approach for the preparation of hierarchically graphitized carbon nanofibres and SnO2 nanocrystals and Ni nanocrystals by using commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres as the precursor. The CNF/SnO2/Ni nanocomposite exhibits good lithium ion storage capacity and stable cyclability as the anode materials for LIBs. This work provides a facile and low cost as well as large-scale production approach for preparation of anode materials for LIBs
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