Facile-synthesis and shape-adjustment of irregular gravel-like PtPd nanocatalysts by three-dimensional hyperbranched polyamide (HBPA) with enhanced activity in ethanol oxidation

Abstract

Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) technology as a promising clean-energy, is obstructed by unsatisfactory activity of ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) nanocatalysts. Traditional shape-controllers usually lead to regular nanoparticles. Three-dimensional dendrimers, like hyperbranched polyamide (HBPA), however, have superiorities to form irregular morphologies, due to their multitudinous terminal functional groups and irregular interior cavities. Considering the lack of researches, herein, a novel HBPA was utilized to facilely and controllably synthesize irregular gravel-like PtPd nanoparticles (g-PtPd-NPs) with rich active sites. The synthetic mechanism was studied by both experiments and density functional theory calculations. N atoms of HBPA were proven essential. In EOR tests, the activity of g-PtPd-NPs was 2.05-fold of commercial Pt/C, and higher than PtPd catalysts of control sets and reports. The durability was excellent, too. This study is promotive for DEFCs into practice, and may enlighten more nanomaterials' synthesis.