Facile self-assembly of magnetite nanoparticles on three-dimensional graphene oxide–chitosan composite for lipase immobilization

Abstract

Three dimensional (3D) magnetic graphene oxide–chitosan (GO–CS) composites with orderly self-assembled magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (GO–CS–Fe3O4) were successfully fabricated. First, the covalent functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) using chitosan (CS) was successfully accomplished via a facile amidation process, forming a 3D network. In the as-fabricated GO–CS composites, GO sheets remained less aggregated, exhibiting a large surface area, and the interconnected pores in the hydrogels allowed object molecules to diffuse easily into the composites. Subsequently, the GO–CS–Fe3O4 composites were synthesized using FeCl3·6H2O and GO–CS composite as the starting materials through a solvothermal reaction. The resulting composite combined the features of the high surface area of GO, abundant amino, and hydroxyl functional groups of CS, and the magnetic response of magnetic nanoparticles. For further application, these composites were utilized to immobilize Candida rugosa lipase via different routes, and they showed excellent immobilization capacities.