Facile preparation of N-doped corncob-derived carbon nanofiber efficiently encapsulating Fe2O3 nanocrystals towards high ORR electrocatalytic activity

Abstract

Abstract Facile preparation of cost-effective and durable porous carbon-supported non-precious-metal/nitrogen electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is extremely important for promoting the commercialized applications of such catalysts. In this work, the FeCl3-containing porphyrinato iron-based covalent porous polymer (FeCl3·FePor-CPP) was fabricated in-situ onto porous corncob biomass supports via a simple one-pot method. Subsequent thermal-reduction pyrolysis at 700 °C–900 °C with CO2 gas as an activating agent resulted in Fe2O3-decorated and N-doped graphitic carbon composite Fe2O3@NCb NC = N-doped graphene analog; bio-C = the corncob-derived hierarchically porous graphitic biomass carbon framework). The derived α-Fe2O3 and γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystals (5–10 nm particle diameter) were all immobilized on the N-doped bio-C micro/nanofibers. Notably, the Fe2O3@NC&bio-C obtained at the pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C (Fe2O3@NC&bio-C-800), exhibited unusual ORR catalytic efficiency via a 4-electron pathway with the onset and half-wave potentials of 0.96 V and 0.85 V vs. RHE, respectively. In addition, Fe2O3@NC&bio-C-800 also exhibited a high and stable limiting current density of -6.0 mA cm−2, remarkably stability (larger than 91% retention after 10000s), and good methanol tolerance. The present work represents one of the best results for iron-based biomass material ORR catalysts reported to date. The high ORR activity is attributed to the uniformly distributed α-Fe2O3 and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the N-enriched carbon matrix with a large specific surface area of 772.6 m2 g−1. This facilitates favor faster electron movement and better adsorption of oxygen molecules on the surface of the catalyst. Nevertheless, comparative studies on the structure and ORR catalytic activity of Fe2O3@NC&bio-C-800 with Fe2O3@bio-C-800 and NC&bio-C-800 clearly highlight the synergistic effect of the coexisting Fe2O3 nanocrystals, NC, and bio-C on the ORR performance.