Abstract

In this study, novel composite titanium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) beads were synthesized from titanium based metal organic framework MIL-125 and chitosan (CS) and used to remove Pb(II) from wastewater. The MIL-125-CS beads were prepared by combining the titanium-based MIL-125 MOF and chitosan using a template-free solvothermal approach under ambient conditions. The surface and elemental properties of these beads were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, as well as thermal gravimetric analysis. Moreover, a series of experiments designed to determine the influences of factors such as initial Pb(II) concentration, pH, reaction time and adsorption temperature was conducted. Notably, it was found that the adsorption of Pb(II) onto the MIL-125-CS beads reached equilibrium in 180 min to a level of 407.50 mg/g at ambient temperature. In addition, kinetic and equilibrium experiments provided data that were fit to the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Furthermore, reusability tests showed that MIL-125-CS retained 85% of its Pb(II)-removal capacity after five reuse cycles. All in all, we believe that the developed MIL-125-CS beads are a promising adsorbent material for the remediation of environmental water polluted by heavy metal ions.

Highlights

  • With the development of modern industry, the standards of living have been continuously improving

  • The surface of the MIL-125-CS beads was rougher and denser than that of MIL-125, which was attributed to the assembly of chitosan on the MIL-125 layers

  • The results indicated that MIL-125 and the chitosan beads played the same significant role during the adsorption of Pb(II), especially when combined in the composite MIL-125-CS beads

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Summary

Introduction

With the development of modern industry, the standards of living have been continuously improving. This has led to many environmental problems, including the heavy metal pollution of water, which creates risks for human health, the environment and ecological systems [1]. Lead can enter the body through contaminated food and the respiratory tract in the forms of vapor, dust and chemicals [2]. The amount of lead absorbed by the body from food and water increases with age [3]. Since the lead pollution problem is growing, it is important to develop a highly efficient adsorbent for the remediation of Pb(II) [5]. The adsorption of Pb(II) has proven to be the best treatment approach

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