Abstract
We report a facile one-pot synthesis of self-assembled quantum-rod (sub-10 nm) TiO2 spheres (SQR-TiO2) via a low-temperature solution method and demonstrate the impact of SQR-TiO2 on the charge transport/collection properties of photoelectrochemical devices. The effects of dissolved ions (e.g. Na+ and Cl−) on the particle morphology was investigated through comparative experiments using various additives including Na2SO4, Na-oleate, Na2HPO4, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, and N2H4. Importantly, we found that Na+ ions play a crucial role in the self-assembly process, while Cl− ions induce the nanorod morphology. With the synthesized SQR-TiO2 (∼400 nm in size), dye-sensitized solar cells and photoelectrochemical water-splitting devices were produced. The results show that the SQR-TiO2 improves light capturing and charge transport properties for both devices compared to other types of TiO2 (nanoparticles and nanoparticle-assembled spheres), and this is attributed to its unique morphology features.
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