Abstract
In this study, a facile, ecological and economical green method is described for the fabrication of iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) from the extract of Syzygium cumini leaves. The obtained metal NPs were categorized using UV/Vis, SEM, TEM, FTIR and EDX-ray spectroscopy techniques. The Fe-, Cu- and Ag-NPs were crystalline, spherical and size ranged from 40-52, 28-35 and 11-19 nm, respectively. The Ag-NPs showed excellent antimicrobial activities against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains and Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus fungal species. Furthermore, the aflatoxins (AFs) production was also significantly inhibited when compared with the Fe- and Cu-NPs. In contrast, the adsorption results of NPs with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were observed as following order Fe->Cu->Ag-NPs. The Langmuir isotherm model well described the equilibrium data by the sorption capacity of Fe-NPs (105.3 ng mg-1), Cu-NPs (88.5 ng mg-1) and Ag-NPs (81.7 ng mg-1). The adsorption was found feasible, endothermic and follow the pseudo-second order kinetic model as revealed by the thermodynamic and kinetic studies. The present findings suggests that the green synthesis of metal NPs is a simple, sustainable, non-toxic, economical and energy-effective as compared to the others conventional approaches. In addition, synthesized metal NPs might be a promising AFs adsorbent for the detoxification of AFB1 in human and animal food/feed.
Highlights
Apart from recent advancement, pathogenic moulds contamination associated in food and feed products are still major threat world-wide
The SEM micrographs displayed that prepared NPs were agglomerated and spherical in nature (Fig 1A–1C)
The presence of higher amount of polyphenols in the Syzgium cumini was the main reason for the larger size particles formation as reported by Kumar et al, (2010), as observed in the largersized Fe-NPs, where a lot of polyphenols present [30]
Summary
Apart from recent advancement, pathogenic moulds contamination associated in food and feed products are still major threat world-wide. The gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus is considered a historically and most frequently associated human pathogen and able to produce various diseases in human [1]. Aflatoxins (AFs) contamination are considered one of the most hazardous toxins and commonly found in food and feed crops [2, 3]. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is considered one of the utmost potent carcinogens, hepatotoxic, mutagenic, immunosuppressive, neoplastic and teratogenic [4]. Various environmental elements such as agricultural practices, moisture, temperature, unseasonal rains, geographical location, storage and transportation are favored the growth and production of Aspergillus and AFB1 contamination
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