Abstract
1-Dodecanol (phase change material, PCM) microcapsules with melamine-paraformaldehyde (MPF) shell were synthesized adopting (i) Pickering Emulsion (PE) using nano-TiO2 and (ii) surfactant-free techniques. Spherical shapes with raspberry-type surface morphology were found from field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis, while attenuated total reflection-Fourier transport infrared spectroscope (ATR-FTIR) ensured negligible core interactions. Thermal properties of microcapsules were obtained from differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Microcapsules obtained from either route showed excellent stability during multiple heating/cooling cycles (500 cycles). Interestingly, the encapsulation ratio and enthalpy content of microcapsules with surfactant-free method were ∼88.56% and ∼169.45 J/g, respectively, while those values were ∼87.64% and ∼167.68 J/g with microcapsules made via Pickering emulsion for identical core: shell ratio. Thus, emulsifier-free synthesis would be cheaper and environmentally benign relative to Pickering emulsion.
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