Abstract
A simple hydrothermal method was used to synthesize Bi4V2O11 and Yb/Bi4V2O11 nanoparticles. XRD and Raman scattering demonstrated that the phase transitioned from monoclinic phase to tetragonal phase, mainly due to Yb3+ doping into the lattice of Bi4V2O11 at V5+ site. XRD, Raman, TEM, SEM, EDS, DRS, photoluminescence, and impedance spectroscopy were used to evaluate the effect of Yb3+ ions in the lattice. The EDS spectra revealed the elemental composition of the various elements present in the samples. The direct band gap was determined by DRS spectra and it showed red shift with increasing Yb3+ ion concentration. Raman scattering spectroscopy analysis showed vibrational characteristics and revealed that the oxygen vacancy increased dramatically with doping concentration. The number of oxygen vacancies and their interactions with dopant cations significantly impact the electrical properties of Yb/Bi4V2O11. The photocatalytic efficiencies of the prepared samples were investigated by degrading MB and RhB with visible light, with the 5% Yb/Bi4V2O11 material achieving the best performance. The photoluminescence spectroscopy results revealed that doping of Yb3+ at V5+ site in the Bi4V2O11 lattice significantly reduced photogenerated charge recombination and improved photocatalytic performance. We have studied in detail the effect of physical factors such as initial dye concentration, catalyst concentration, and pH on the rate of the photocatalytic removal. The detailed investigation of the adsorption isotherm models was derived using linear regression analysis, and its significance was confirmed by comparing experimental results to computed data. Based on the intermediate compound production detected by GCMS, a plausible degradation route and mechanism predicated on the electrochemical performance of the synthesized catalyst and trapping tests were also described.
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