Abstract
In this work, a polyaniline/lead sulfide (PANI/PbS) nanocomposite was prepared by combining the in situ oxidation polymerization method and the surface adsorption process. This nanocomposite was applied as a supercapacitor electrode. The crystal structure, nanomorphology, and optical analysis of PANI and PANI/PbS were investigated. The electrochemical performance of the designed PANI/PbS electrode-based supercapacitor was tested by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry (CP), and AC impedance techniques in HCl and Na2SO4 electrolytes. The average crystallite size of the PANI/PbS nanocomposite is about 43 nm. PANI/PbS possesses an agglomerated network related to PANI with additional spherical shapes from PbS nanoparticles. After the PANI/PbS nanocomposite formation, there are enhancements in their absorption intensities. At a current density of 0.4 A g−1, the specific capacitance of PANI/PbS in Na2SO4 and HCl was found to be 303 and 625 F g−1, respectively. In HCl (625 F g−1 and 1500 mF cm−2), the gravimetric and areal capacitances of the PANI/PbS electrode are nearly double those of the Na2SO4 electrolyte. Also, the average specific energy and specific power density values for the PANI/PbS electrode in HCl are 4.168 Wh kg−1 and 196.03 W kg−1, respectively. After 5000 cycles, the capacitance loses only 4.5% of its initial value. The results refer to the high stability and good performance of the designed PANI/PbS as a supercapacitor electrode.
Highlights
The growing demand for energy storage devices has sparked research into electrochemical supercapacitors (SCs), which have intriguing properties that are similar to both capacitors and batteries
A PANI/PbS nanocomposite was synthesized through the surface adsorption process
S2− led to the formation of the PANI/PbS nanocomposite
Summary
The growing demand for energy storage devices has sparked research into electrochemical supercapacitors (SCs), which have intriguing properties that are similar to both capacitors and batteries. According to the charge-storing method, pseudocapacitors have a substantially higher energy density and specific capacitance than EDLCs. Pseudocapacitor materials include conducting polymers, metal oxides, and metal sulfides. Metal sulfides, such as CoS, NiS, ZnS, SnS, and CuS, can be used in energy storage applications, demanding relatively high-power and high-energy densities because of their good conductivity, reliable service lifetime, high stability, and low cost [15–19]. 5000 cycles, the electrode materials had a high specific capacitance of 625 F g−1 at 0.4 A g−1 , a specific power of 196.03 W kg−1 at 1.735 Wh kg−1 specific energy, and capacity retention of 95.5% These findings point to the PANI/PbS composite’s potential as a long-term performance electrode material for SC applications
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