Abstract
In this paper, CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the solvothermal method and dispersed uniformly in graphene oxide (GO) aqueous solution by ultrasonication. The homogeneous CeO2-GO dispersion was coated on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and the CeO2/electrochemically reduced graphene oxide modified electrode (CeO2/ERGO/GCE) was obtained by potentiostatic reduction. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that CeO2 nanocrystals were uniformly coated by gossamer like ERGO nanosheets. The electrochemical behavior of vanillin on the CeO2/ERGO/GCE was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). It was found that the CeO2/ERGO/GCE has high electrocatalytic activity and good electrochemical performance for vanillin oxidation. Using the second derivative linear sweep voltammetry (SDLSV), the CeO2/ERGO/GCE provides a wide range of 0.04–20 µM and 20 µM–100 µM for vanillin detection, and the detection limit is estimated to be 0.01 µM after 120 s accumulation. This method has been successfully applied to the vanillin detection in some commercial foods.
Highlights
The problem of food safety has caused public concern all over the world
CeO2/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites were prepared by the ultrasonic mixing of GO solution and CeO2 nanoparticles, and the CeO2/ERGO/glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was obtained by coating the suspension by drop-coating method and further treated by potentiostatic reduction at −1.2 V for 120 s
The element composition and distribution of CeO2-ERGO nanocomposite were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)
Summary
The problem of food safety has caused public concern all over the world. Unsafe food can lead to many acute and lifelong diseases, from diarrhea to various cancers [1]. In order to determine vanillin sensitively and effectively, gas chromatography [3], high performance liquid chromatography [4], thin layer chromatography [5], ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry [6], chemiluminometry [7], and capillary electrophoresis [8] were introduced Most of these methods need large and expensive instruments, and the operation is complex and time-consuming. CeO2 nanoparticles have the advantages of low cost, excellent electrochemical redox characteristic, and environmental friendliness, and are explored as an excellent electrode modifier material [36]. CeO2 nanoparticles as an electrode material have some problems, such as easy agglomeration and poor conductivity, which seriously affect its performance in practical applications. CeO2/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites were prepared by the ultrasonic mixing of GO solution and CeO2 nanoparticles, and the CeO2/ERGO/GCE was obtained by coating the suspension by drop-coating method and further treated by potentiostatic reduction at −1.2 V for 120 s. The developed sensor has a wide application prospect in the determination of vanillin in food
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