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Abstract
In this study, we report a facile green-synthesis route for the fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using biomass of Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes (B. oleracea). In addition, we have attempted to provide a green synthesis approach to prepare Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on the surface of rGO by using stem extract of B. oleracea. The synthesized Au/rGO nanocomposite was evaluated using UV–visible and FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, Raman, FE-SEM, EDX, AFM and DLS techniques. The obtained results demonstrated that the synthesized Au NPs on the surface of rGO was spherical with sizes ranging about 12–18 nm. The Au/rGO NC was, also, developed as photo-synthesizer system for the photothermal therapy (PTT) of MCF7 breast cancer cells. The near-infrared (NIR) photothermal properties of Au/rGO NCs was evaluated using a continuous laser at 808 nm with power densities of 1 W.cm−2. Their photothermal efficacy on MCF7 breast cancer cells after optimizing the proper concentration of the NCs were evaluated by MTT assay, Cell cycle and DAPI staining. In addition, the potential of the synthesized Au/rGO NCs on reactive oxygen species generating and antioxidant activity were assessed by DPPH. Au/rGO NCs possess high capacity to light-to-heat conversion for absorption in range NIR light, and it is able to therapeutic effects on MCF7 cells at a low concentration. The maximum amount of cell death is 40.12% which was observed in treatment groups that received a combination of Au/rGO NCs and laser irradiation. The results demonstrate that the nanomaterials synthesized by green approach lead to efficient destruction of cancer cell and might thus serve as an excellent theranostic agent in Photothermal therapy applications.
Highlights
Disease prevalently "Breast cancer" which the most rampant cause of cancer death and the most among w omen[1]
A mechanism for synthetic steps of Au/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) NCs was suggested based on experiments and other results which ontained during this study
DAPI staining results revealed that when the cells were treated with Au/rGO NCs with laser irradiation, an obvious increase in nuclear condensation and defragmentation was observed and the cell viability was significantly decreased
Summary
Disease prevalently "Breast cancer" which the most rampant cause of cancer death and the most among w omen[1]. The extensive application of PTT in clinical cancer therapy was limited due to the incomplete penetration of NIR irradiation in tissues which lead to inadequate ablation of large tumors and small tumors placed inside the b ody[4]. This problem is largely resolved by using high-power NIR irradiation (around 2 W.cm-2 for rGO nanostructures)[5]. To the best of our knowledge, no work has been reported on the PTT application of Au/rGO NCs which is prepared by using B. oleracea biomass and stem extract We believe that such nanostructures can open up new perspectives in cancer treatments
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