Abstract
A new electrochemical sensor for nanomolar rutin detection based on amine-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (NH2-Fe3O4 NPs-ErGO/GCE) was fabricated through a simple method, and the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and electrochemical technique were used to characterize the modified electrode. The electrochemical behavior of rutin on the Fe3O4 NPs-ErGO/GCE was studied in detail. The electrochemical response of rutin at this modified electrode was remarkably higher than that of the bare GCE or other modified GCE (GO/GCE, Fe3O4 NPs-GO/GCE, and ErGO/GCE). Under the optimum determination conditions, Fe3O4 NPs-ErGO/GCE provided rutin with a broader detection range of 6.0 nM–0.1 µM; 0.1–8.0 µM and 8.0–80 µM, a minimum detectable concentration of 4.0 nM was obtained after 210 s accumulation. This novel method was applied in determination of rutin in pharmaceutical tablets and urine samples with satisfactory results.
Highlights
Flavonoids are a kind of natural product widely existing in plants
The electrochemical behavior of rutin on NH2-Fe3O4 NPs-employed to generate reduced graphene oxide (ErGO)/glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) method, and second derivative linear sweep voltammetry (SDLSV) was used for rutin quantitative analysis because of its sensitivity and high resolution
The morphologies of the synthesized materials were primarily characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the images of graphene oxide (GO) (A), NH2-Fe3O4 NPs (B) and NH2-Fe3O4-ErGO nanocomposites (C) were obtained
Summary
Flavonoids are a kind of natural product widely existing in plants. They have antioxidant and anti-free radical effects and can be used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, inflammation and so on. Numerous analysis methods, such as high performance liquid chromatography [4,5], chemiluminescence [6,7], capillary electrophoresis [8], spectrophotometry [9], flow injection analysis [10] and electrochemistry [11] have been reported for the determination of rutin. Among these methods, some involve expensive equipment, a time-consuming process, the use of toxic organic reagents or poor sensitivity. In order to amplify the response signal fundamentally and improve the detection sensitivity practically, it is still important and necessary to develop new electrochemical sensors for rutin detection at the nanomolar level
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