Facile design and permittivity regulation of porous carbon and magnetic particles based composite nanofibers towards highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

Abstract

Two kinds of porous carbon and magnetic particles-based composite nanofibers (PCNTF-CoFe and PCNTF-NiFe) were synthesized for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. Magnetic particles were used as the catalyst to increase the crystallinity of carbon and the corresponding dielectric loss ability, while porous structure was designed to improve the impedance matching. According to the results, the dielectric loss abilities of PCNTF-CoFe and PCNTF-NiFe are enhanced without significant degradation in their impedance matching condition. Therefore, through the polarization and conduction-induced dielectric loss together with the natural and exchange resonance-induced magnetic loss, the incident EMW can be attenuated rapidly inside PCNTF-CoFe and PCNTF-NiFe. PCNTF-CoFe shows a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −54.6 dB and effective band width (RL≤-10 dB, EABW) of 6.0 GHz at 2.0 mm, while PCNTF-NiFe shows RLmin of −33.4 dB and EABW of 5.7 GHz at 1.7 mm. Consequently, PCNTF-CoFe and PCNTF-NiFe can be promising candidates for application in EMW absorption.