Facile construction of dual-drug loaded nanoparticles for improvement synergistic chemotherapy in prostate cancer

Abstract

Recently, functionalized materials have been extensively investigated and reported as drug delivery carriers. Furthermore, many groups have concentrated their efforts on establishing unique and effective therapeutic modalities, such as photothermal and photodynamic therapy, which have displayed promising anticancer ability. In the suggested techniques, the described treatments demonstrated better cooperative behavior and the capacity to substitute for the negative effects of traditional monotherapy. Herein, we developed a thermosensitive dual-targeting drug delivery system traction to improve the administration of capecitabine and two photosensitizers (indocyanine green (ICG) and methylene blue (MB). Capecitabine and photosensitizers were incorporated into nanoparticles using the thin film hydration process. Meanwhile, the dynamic identification of tumor cells may be achieved by modifying the targeted peptide cRGD and the folate targeting molecule coated on the surface of the nanoparticles. According to DLS experiments, the fabricated nanoparticles possessed an excellent dispersive index and a homogeneous size of ∼103.12 nm. Compared to free nanoparticles, the nanoparticles demonstrated dose-dependent in vitro cytotoxic properties in DU145 and PC3 cells. Based on the results examined from a confocal laser scanning microscope, the modified nanoparticles were more efficiently endocytosed by DU145 cancer cells compared to PC3 cells. On DU145 cells, the photothermal conversion-triggered release of drug and phototherapies resulted in an apoptotic rate of ∼80%. Additionally, the apoptosis cell death mechanism was displayed that the nanoparticles significantly induce apoptosis in the DU145 and PC3 cancer cells. The impressive findings concluded that the developed delivery system had put in a lot of work and established many changes to achieve precise interaction and provide a potential prostate cancer treatment strategy.