Abstract
Direct synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on cellulose fiber has been successfully performed via facile green approach using lignin‐containing unbleached kraft softwood pulp. The resulting AuNPs composited fibers showed apparent color change from pale yellow to purplish‐dark brown by varying the amount of gold ions (Au3+) due to the surface plasmon resonance of nanogold. Further confirmation of AuNP formation on the fiber surface was conducted by UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that gold nanoparticles formed on the fiber are well‐defined pure metallic gold, indicating that Au3+ ions are efficiently bioreduced into Au0 and bind to the fiber surface. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by decomposition of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) in dark and light condition. As‐prepared unbleached kraft fiber‐AuNP composite showed significantly enhanced antioxidant activity and its DPPH scavenging rate reached about 86.05%.
Highlights
Nowadays the contemporary consumers are not purchasing only a product, but a solution for healthier and safer food [1]
This diverse color change is attributed to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AuNPs [35,36,37], implying the direct formation of nanogold on the fiber surface
All of the cellulose fiber-AuNPs composite spectra exhibited a strong absorption peak at 539 nm corresponding to a characteristic SPR absorption band of gold nanoparticles
Summary
Nowadays the contemporary consumers are not purchasing only a product, but a solution for healthier and safer food [1]. Among the various greener reagents, polysaccharides are quite advantageous when utilized in green synthesis due to the fact that they have an abundance of hydroxyl groups and hemiacetal reducing ends; they can be used as both reducing and stabilizing agents for metal nanoparticles [21] Various polysaccharides such as buffered glucose incorporated with starch [22], chitosan associated with organic acid [23], cellulose in ionic liquid [24], guar gum [25], dextran [26], pullulan [27], and arabinoxylan [28] have been employed for AuNP synthesis. Despite several pathways of AuNP green synthesis, there is still great interest in developing a simple and sustainable method to prepare well-defined gold nanoparticles on renewable cellulose-based fibers without the use of additional reducing chemicals and fiber modification. The antioxidant activity of the AuNPs composite sheets was investigated by measuring the scavenging rate of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) as an indicator
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