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Abstract
The Oligocene-Miocene succession in Al-Muthanna Governorate of southern Iraq shows significant mixed siliciclastic-carbonate formation. Fourteen samples are collected from two wells and four outcrops in Al-Muthanna area for studying the facies and paleoenvironments of the Ghar Formation. It is mainly composed of sandstone, calcareous sandstone, and carbonate rocks. Six facies associations are identified in the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate deposit: the carbonate type, including sabkha, lagoon, intertidal-subtidal, and lacustrine; the mixed type, including shoreface; and the siliciclastic type, including distributary channels. The major minerals in this formation are quartz, calcite, and dolomite, whereas feldspar and gypsum are the minor minerals. Clay minerals such as Palygorskite and Montmorillonite were also identified. The carbonate rocks of the Ghar Formation reflected deposition in the evaporitic platform (Sabkha), shallow restricted (lagoon), tidal and lacustrine environments. Ghar formation is considered transitional in conditions between a very restricted shallow marine and near-shore environment, whereas the clastic facies in Ghar Formation indicated deposition in the delta front channel.
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