Facial Sporotrichosis in children from endemic area in Peru

Abstract

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis subacute or chronic evolution, caused by the dimorphic Sporothrix complex, which includes five species: Sporothrix albicans, Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix globosa, Sporothrix mexicana and Sporothrix schenckii (sensu stricto). The infection occurs after trauma with contaminated material, which inoculated the fungus on the skin. The clinical types of sporotrichosis are lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis, fixed cutaneous (nodulopapular, ulcerative, verrucouse and furunculoide) and extracutaneous [1,2]. It is a mycosis of a universal distribution, but more commonly seen in tropical or subtropical countries. The majority of cases are found in Mexico, Central America and Peru [1]. However, the region of Abancay in Peru is considered hyperendemic and has an annual incidence of 48-60 cases per 100 000 population [3]. Also, the incidence is three times higher in children aged 0-14 in ≥ 15 years of age, approximately 1 case/1000 children 0-14 years and a frequency of 60% [4,5]. In pediatric patients from endemic areas the most anatomical site affected is the facial region (40-42%) [5,6], with lesions on the nose, face, chin, malar, genian and palpebral that is clinically rarely mentioned in the literature [7].