Facial profile study using 3-dimensional photographs to assess esthetic preferences of Hong Kong Chinese orthognathic patients and laypersons

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate and compare esthetic perceptions of different facial profiles among Hong Kong Chinese laypersons and patients scheduled for orthognathic treatment. Two sets of 3-dimensional facial photographs (1 male and 1 female) each comprised 7 images that showed different dentoskeletal relations (ie, Class I, bimaxillary protrusion, bimaxillary retrusion, maxillary protrusion, maxillary retrusion, mandibular protrusion, and mandibular retrusion). The sets of photographs were shown to 101 laypersons (age, 28.87±6.22years) and 60 patients seeking orthognathic treatment (age, 27.12±6.07years). They rated their esthetic perceptions of the photographs on the basis of a 100mm visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 (very unattractive) to 100 (very attractive). The dentoskeletal Class I facial profile was ranked as the most attractive profile. Female orthognathic judges selected the retrusive maxilla while male orthognathic judges and male and female laypersons ranked the mandibular protrusion profile as the least attractive profile for both females and males. A bimaxillary protrusive female profile was viewed as more attractive by the orthognathic male (P=0.006) and female (P=0.006) judges, compared with female layperson judges. After adjustment for age, no statistically significant interaction between sex and judges (P>0.10) for all VAS scores were detected. For the female bimaxillary protrusive profile, orthognathic patient judges assigned a mean VAS score of 9.174 points higher than layperson judges (95% confidence interval, 3.11-15.24; P=0.003). Dentoskeletal Class I facial profile was generally considered the most attractive profile in both sexes; male and female orthognathic patients preferred a bimaxillary protrusive female profile. A concave facial profile was perceived as least attractive in both sexes.