Facial musculature of semnopithecus entellus

Abstract

A RECENT perusal of Darwin's book, The expression of the emotions in man and animals (1890), stimulated the author's interest in the facial musculature of the primates. On looking into the available literature on facial musculature and the extensive bibliography therein cited, it became obvious that though the facial muscles of many Cercopithecidh were already worked out in detail, the study had been confined to the Cercopithecinae. No mention was found anywhere to the arrangement of the facial muscles in the Semnopithecine, nor any diagram among the hundreds given by Edgeworth (1935). Ruge's classical work has not been available here; but Polok (1908) has stated that Ruge did not study Colobus or Semnopithecus.