Facial implant gingival level and thickness changes following maxillary anterior immediate tooth replacement with scarf-connective tissue graft: A 4-13-year retrospective study.

Abstract

A scarf-shaped connective tissue graft can be placed at the facial and proximal aspect of the peri-implant soft tissue zone during immediate implant placement and provisionalization (IIPP) procedures in the esthetic zone to optimize implant esthetics without the need of flap reflection. This retrospective study evaluated soft tissue stability after scarf-connective tissue graft (S-CTG) in conjunction with IIPP procedures in the esthetic zone. Patients who received IIPP with S-CTG with a minimum 1-year follow-up were evaluated. Mid-facial gingival level (MFGL) change and mid-facial gingival thickness (MFGT) change were measured and compared at the pre-op (T0), IIPP + S-CTG surgery (T1), follow up appointment with MFGT measurement (T2), and latest follow-up appointment (T3). Implant success rate and graft necrosis were also recorded. A total of 22 IIPP and S-CTG procedures in 20 patients were evaluated in the study. After a mean follow-up of 8.2 years (3.9-13.4) (T3), all implants remained osseointegrated (22/22 [100%]), with statistically insignificant mean midfacial gingival level change of -0.19 mm (-1.5 to 0.8). Statistically significant difference in midfacial gingival thickness (MFGT) was noted (2.5 mm [1.8-3.5 mm]) after a mean follow-up time (T2) of 2.3 years (1-8.6) when compared with MFGT at baseline (1.1 mm [0.6-1.3 mm]) (T1). Necrosis of S-CTG during initial healing phase was noted in 9% (2/22) of the sites. Within the confines of this study, scarf-connective tissue graft at time of immediate implant placement and provisionalization can thicken the gingiva and maintain the gingival level at the critical soft tissue zone. Managing the soft tissue zone is as important as that of the hard tissue zone for peri-implant esthetics. Connective tissue graft is one of the methods that can enhance the final esthetic outcomes. This retrospective study has demonstrated that Scarf-CTG technique is an effective treatment modality to maintain soft tissue stability.