Abstract
Iran and Ottoman Empire, as two great powers with historical civilizations had mutual relationships for a long time. The constitutional era is of great importance in Iran-Ottoman foreign relations. The objective of the present study is to identify and assess the influences of political, social, economic and cultural conditions in Iran and the Ottoman Empire in constitutional era using a comparative approach. Reviewing the intellectual contexts of two neighboring communities and the presence of intellectuals and businessmen in both countries will aid further understanding of interactions as well as the causes of successes and failures of the Iranian and Ottoman constitution. Moreover, the concentration of written pro-constitution media in Istanbul and the special attention of Ottoman government to Iranian revolutionaries, activities of Iranian political communities in Anatolia and Istanbul, the role of embassies of two countries, the efforts made by Muslim intellectuals and scholars in both territories were effective in development of a comprehensive constitution during the rise and fall of the Ottoman and the Iranian constitution. Iran and the Ottoman had common enemies during constitutional era. They were involved with political, cultural, military and bureaucracy challenges in modernization process. However, they assumed their mirages real in their face-to-face mirrors. The present study reviews the similarities and differences between Iranian and Ottoman constitution using desk study method. It evaluates descriptively and analytically the influence of events and political currents of constitutional era as well as the political mirage caused by various factors of constitutional revolution on political and religious leaders of both countries.
Highlights
About 200 years ago, political ideas against the absolutist state were formed in Ottoman lands
The objective of the present study is to identify and assess the influences of political, social, economic and cultural conditions in Iran and the Ottoman Empire in constitutional era using a comparative approach
During the Ottoman constitutional era, Istanbul was the center of preparation, compilation and distribution of publications of political activists who have come from Iran
Summary
About 200 years ago, political ideas against the absolutist state were formed in Ottoman lands. The Ottoman political elite made their best to prevent the decline of this Muslim power and experienced different ways from imitation of the West, to the political, military, economic and cultural reforms, neither imitating the West nor rapid modernization of the Ottoman Empire neither the pan-Turkism nor Islamism could save the country from this deadly trend In this period, Iran, the eastern neighbor of Ottoman Empire had experienced a similar fate. Political changes in the Ottoman community had a large impact on the constitutional processes in Iran Reviewing these effects demonstrates the important role of intellectuals and intelligentsia in the constitutional revolution in Iran. The present article largely aims to study the effect of Ottoman constitutional scheme on Iranian constitution
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