Abstract
Introduction: Automated vehicle use is rapidly expanding globally. Florida is one of the leading states for researching, testing, implementing, and operating automated vehicles. Although driving simulators may create an opportunity to assess user behaviors related to automated vehicles, their use in this context is not well-documented.Objectives: This study examined face and content validity of an on-road automated shuttle route and its congruence to a driving simulator scenario representing the on-road route.Methodology: Face validity (i.e., clarity, understandability, congruence) was examined directly by members of the Institute for Mobility, Activity, and Participation. Content validity was assessed via a content validity index (CVI) based on inputs from experts who represented a variety of disciplines. These included computer and information science, engineering, transportation engineering, rehabilitation science, industrial and systems engineering, experimental psychology, and driver rehabilitation science.Findings: Face validity resulted in feedback pertaining to traffic, environment, hazards, fidelity, and “other” recommendations. Six of the recommendations were used to enhance the simulator scenario. For content validity, the CVI scale was equal to 0.83 and was above the acceptable threshold of 0.80. However, on the item level, two items, i.e., traffic flow (I-CVI = 0.57) and seat direction (I-CVI = 0.67), were rated lower than anticipated. The ratings resulted in implementing enhancements to the driving simulator scenario.Conclusion: Automated vehicle on-road routes can be replicated in a driving simulator scenario but require a process of examining the face and content validity and refining the developed scenario as needed to ensure reasonable accuracy.
Highlights
Automated vehicle use is rapidly expanding globally
As part of a larger study testing older adults’ perception of Automated vehicles (AVs) acceptance and adoption practices (Classen et al, 2020), this study examines face validity and quantifies content validity of a driving simulator scenario (Level 4; Society of Automotive Engineers International, 2018) and the on-road route of an AV shuttle (Level 4; Society of Automotive Engineers International, 2018)
Most likely the team members were familiar with driving simulator technology, understood that this was a simulator design issue and a favorable mitigation strategy for simulator sickness reduction (Stern et al, 2017)
Summary
Automated vehicle use is rapidly expanding globally. Florida is one of the leading states for researching, testing, implementing, and operating automated vehicles. Driving simulators may create an opportunity to assess user behaviors related to automated vehicles, their use in this context is not well-documented. Older drivers may benefit from the use of AVs to overcome current mobility and accessibility barriers. Current AV-related opportunities include access to automated public transportation with fixed routes and schedules, automated on-demand public transportation, fleet-based shared AVs, and privately owned AVs (Faber and van Lierop, 2020). What is unclear is ensuring that there is close environmental representation between the simulator scenarios and the on-road route. Such congruence is critical if user acceptance and adoption practices are to be examined
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