Abstract
The rain run-off flow pattern over some main facade design features of impermeable materials was investigated by conducting simulations over them. The relationship between run-off flow pattern and the observed staining patterns were evaluated. Four main design features namely ledges, joints misalignment, protruding fixtures, and louver units were identified. The formation of stains was observed to be irregular and was determinable by the run-off flow and the dirt build-up on the facade.
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